I don't really know how to explain this, honestly. I turned on HDR and the rest of the image effects to test them, and then tried to launch one of the default rockets. Every time I activated the first stage and throttled up, it messed up the saturation and contrast, the rocket appeared frozen, and trying to pan the camera did weird things to the nav sphere.
It looks fine until I start the rocket, after that it does the weird stuff I mentioned above. The sandbox attached to this bug report has a screenshot of the issue. Also, after a few seconds it went back to normal, which is even stranger.
I believe this is an issue with your device not supporting HDR textures. In the next update, HDR related settings will be disabled for devices that unfortunately don't support HDR. Sorry!