Five mass extinctions.

Earth has experienced five mass extinctions, each of which wiped out a large majority of the species living at the time:
End Ordovician: 444 million years ago, this extinction was caused by a combination of advancing ice sheets and a sudden melt, which changed ocean currents and created harsh climates. About 86% of species and 57% of genera went extinct.
Late Devonian: 360 million years ago
End Permian: 250 million years ago, this extinction was caused by a series of massive volcanic eruptions in Siberia. It was the largest extinction in Earth's history.
End Triassic: 200 million years ago
End Cretaceous (or K-T): 65 million years ago, this extinction wiped out the dinosaurs
Mass extinctions are short periods of geological time when a large percentage of biodiversity dies out. These periods can span thousands or millions of years.
Some causes of mass extinctions include: Volcanic activity, Greenhouse gas emissions, Changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere, and The growth of ice caps.

Humans are currently causing species to become extinct much faster than they would naturally. This is due to human activities like deforestation, plastic pollution, and the illegal animal trade.

Chicxulub Impact.

The asteroid that caused the mass extinction of dinosaurs and most other life on Earth is known as the Chicxulub impactor:
Impact
The Chicxulub impactor hit the Earth 66 million years ago at the tip of the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. The asteroid was about 6 miles wide and hit the surface at a speed of more than 25 kilometers per second.
Crater
The impact created a crater that's 93 miles wide and 12 miles deep. The crater is buried beneath the Yucatán Peninsula.
Effect
The impact released an enormous amount of energy, equivalent to 10,000 times the world's nuclear arsenal. This caused:
The injection of hundreds of billions of tons of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and water vapor into the atmosphere
The creation of an unstable climate
The blocking of sunlight by dust in the atmosphere, which decreased or stopped photosynthesis
Extinction
The impact caused the mass extinction of non-avian dinosaurs and nearly three-quarters of all plant and animal species on Earth.
Scientists believe the Chicxulub impactor came from the outer half of the asteroid belt in our solar system. They also believe it was a carbonaceous type of asteroid.

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