Soviet Oriental manned spacecraft

nature
The earliest manned spacecraft Series in the Soviet Union
Chief designer
Sergei Pavlovich Korolev
Launch time
April 12, 1961
Last launch time
June 19, 1963
From April 1961 to June 1963, the earliest manned spacecraft series of the Soviet Union launched six. Dongfang-1 is the first spacecraft in the world to carry people into outer space. The eastern spacecraft is used for single and formation manned flights. The spacecraft is composed of a spherical sealed cabin and a cylindrical instrument cabin, weighing about 4.73 tons. When flying in orbit, it is connected with the cylindrical final stage carrier rocket, with a total length of 7.35m. The spherical cabin has a diameter of 2.3m and can accommodate one astronaut. There are three portholes on the bulkhead. The outer surface of the cabin is covered with a layer of heat-resistant material. In the cockpit, there are life support system, ejection seat, radio, optical, navigation and other instruments and equipment for flight for 10 days and nights. Before returning, the eastern spacecraft dropped the final stage carrier rocket and instrument module, and the cockpit reentered the atmosphere separately. When the cabin descends to a height of about 7 kilometers from the ground, the astronauts eject the cabin of the spacecraft and land alone with a parachute. The instrument compartment is located at the rear of the cockpit, which is equipped with chemical batteries, return thrust rockets and other auxiliary equipment. The eastern spacecraft can be controlled either automatically or manually by astronauts. The orbit of the spaceship is about 180 kilometers, the apogee is 222-327 kilometers, the inclination is about 65 °, and the period is about 89 minutes.